Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors

Abstract

Abstract

Testicular cancer represents 1% to 1.5% of neoplasias in males and 5% of urologic tumors in general. The incidence of bilateral testicular tumors is 1-5%. Approximately one third of cases are diagnosed as synchronous, while the other two thirds are diagnosed as metachronous. Additionally, 5% of all patients diagnosed with testicular cancer may have contralateral intratubular germ cell neoplasia and may develop a contralateral germ cell tumor. However, few data are available regarding bilateral testicular germ cell tumors (BTGCTs). In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the incidence of BTGCTs and their pathological features and clinical outcomes